Beach visitors rate beach quality in large part by its appearance.Removal of natural beach litter (called beach wrack) has, therefore, high priority for beach managers in coastal areas dependent on revenues from tourism.Focusing on the German Baltic Sea coast, the amount of beach wrack has increased by a factor of approximately 3.4 between 1977 and
Abstract Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are highly specialized parasites that interact with their host plants using a range of strategies.The esophageal glands are the main places where nematodes synthesize effector proteins, which play central roles in successful invasion.The Meloidogyne incognita effector MiISE5 is exclusively expressed within the su
The aim of this paper is to present the general characteristics of the individual-based models (IbMs), and the Video Splitters way to deal with them when a bio system, a set of discrete life entities evolving in a changing environment, is modeled.A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages that this type of discrete modeling has compared with
Neurological and somatic symptoms of First Day of Kindergarten Sign hysteria are quite common in clinical practice.Till now such patients are referred to as "difficult patients".The article provides latest classification of hysteric disorders in accordance with ICD-10.Typical neurological manifestations of hysteria are as follows: fit, paresis, amb
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), transmitted by chrysomelids, is one of the major viral pathogens that has devastated rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa.RYMV is a member of the genus Sobemoviruses in the family Solemoviridae and harbors a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA).Here, we used 50 RYMV strains, applying the codon usage bias (CU